What’s the Difference Between Amphetamine and Methamphetamine?

Amphetamine and methamphetamine share similarities but have important distinctions that affect their impact on health and well-being. Understanding these differences is crucial for anyone concerned about substance use or seeking stimulant addiction treatment for stimulant use. We’ve created this comprehensive guide to help clarify what sets these substances apart and how they affect the body and mind.

What Are Amphetamines And Methamphetamines

Amphetamines and methamphetamines belong to a class of drugs called central nervous system stimulants. These substances increase activity in the brain and body, leading to heightened alertness, elevated energy levels, and reduced appetite.

Amphetamine is a synthetic stimulant that affects chemicals in the brain and nerves that contribute to hyperactivity and impulse control. It’s commonly prescribed to treat attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy under brand names like Adderall and Dexedrine. When used as prescribed, these medications help patients manage their symptoms effectively.

Methamphetamine is a more potent derivative of amphetamine. It has an additional methyl group in its chemical structure, which allows it to cross the blood-brain barrier more quickly. While methamphetamine has limited medical use (prescribed as Desoxyn in rare cases), it’s more commonly known for its illicit production and use as a street drug. Additionally, methamphetamine’s potent effects can be highly physically addictive and lead to severe health consequences.

Both substances work by increasing levels of dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin in the brain. These neurotransmitters play important roles in mood, attention, and energy regulation. According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), approximately 5.1 million Americans aged 12 or older misused prescription stimulants like amphetamines in 2020, while about 1.5 million reported using methamphetamine.

Is Methamphetamine An Amphetamine

Yes, methamphetamine is a type of amphetamine. Both drugs are classified as central nervous system stimulants, but they have important differences in structure, potency, and effects. Despite its powerful stimulant properties, some individuals mistakenly think methamphetamine is a narcotic drug, which reflects the confusion about drug classifications.

The primary chemical difference between these substances is that methamphetamine has an additional methyl group in its molecular structure. This seemingly small change significantly affects how the drug works in the body. The methyl group allows methamphetamine to pass into the brain more quickly and remain active longer than amphetamine.

This structural difference results in methamphetamine having a more powerful effect on the central nervous system. According to research from the National Institutes of Health, methamphetamine creates a stronger and longer-lasting increase in dopamine levels compared to amphetamine, contributing to its higher potential for misuse and addiction.

The legal status of both substances reflects their different risk profiles. While both are classified as Schedule II controlled substances by the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), amphetamine is commonly prescribed for medical conditions. In contrast, methamphetamine is rarely prescribed due to its high potential for misuse.

Key differences between amphetamine and methamphetamine include:

  • Chemical structure: Methamphetamine has an additional methyl group
  • Potency: Methamphetamine is more potent at similar doses
  • Duration: Methamphetamine’s effects typically last longer
  • Medical use: Amphetamine is more commonly prescribed for legitimate medical purposes

Difference Between Amphetamine And Methamphetamine

a-man-smiling-in-therapy-session

Chemical Structure And Potency

The molecular structures of amphetamine and methamphetamine are similar but have one critical difference. Methamphetamine contains an additional methyl group (CH3) in its chemical structure. This small change has significant implications for how the drug affects the body.

This additional methyl group allows methamphetamine to cross the blood-brain barrier more easily than amphetamine. As a result, methamphetamine reaches the brain more quickly and in higher concentrations. According to studies published in the Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, methamphetamine is approximately twice as potent as amphetamine, meaning it produces stronger effects at lower doses.

The duration of effects also differs significantly. Amphetamine’s effects typically last 4-6 hours, while methamphetamine’s effects can persist for 8-24 hours, depending on the dose and method of use. This extended duration contributes to methamphetamine’s higher potential for disrupting sleep patterns and causing prolonged stimulation.

Medical Uses And Illicit Forms

Amphetamines have several legitimate medical applications. They’re commonly prescribed for:

  • ADHD (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder)
  • Narcolepsy (a sleep disorder)
  • In some cases, treatment-resistant depression

Common prescription amphetamines include Adderall (mixed amphetamine salts), Dexedrine (dextroamphetamine), and Vyvanse (lisdexamfetamine).

Methamphetamine has very limited medical use. It’s occasionally prescribed under the brand name Desoxyn for:

– Severe ADHD that hasn’t responded to other treatments

– Short-term weight loss in obesity (rarely used)

The 2021 National Survey on Drug Use and Health found that approximately 4.8% of Americans aged 12 or older reported misusing prescription stimulants at some point in their lives, while about 0.9% reported using methamphetamine.

In illicit markets, amphetamine is often found in tablet or powder form. Methamphetamine typically appears as a crystalline powder (“crystal meth”) or in crystal chunks (“ice”). These different forms reflect their different production methods and intended routes of administration.

Short Term Vs Long Term Risks

Both substances carry risks, but methamphetamine is associated with more severe health consequences, especially with the long-term effects of meth use that can significantly impair physical and mental health.

Short-term effects of both drugs include:

– Increased blood pressure and heart rate

– Reduced appetite

– Elevated body temperature

– Insomnia

– Increased energy and alertness

Methamphetamine’s short-term effects tend to be more intense and can also include:

– More pronounced euphoria

– Greater risk of overheating (hyperthermia)

– More severe cardiovascular strain

Long-term amphetamine misuse can lead to:

– Cardiovascular problems

– Weight loss and malnutrition

– Mood disturbances

– Psychological dependence

Methamphetamine’s long-term effects are typically more severe:

– Significant weight loss and malnutrition

– Severe dental problems (“meth mouth”)

– Skin sores from picking

– More pronounced cognitive impairment

– Higher risk of psychosis

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), there were over 32,500 overdose deaths involving psychostimulants like methamphetamine in 2021, representing a five-fold increase since 2012.

Effects On The Brain And Body

Dopamine And Other Neurotransmitters

Both amphetamine and methamphetamine primarily affect three key neurotransmitters in the brain: dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin. These chemical messengers play important roles in mood, attention, energy, and reward processing.

The primary difference lies in how strongly and for how long these drugs affect neurotransmitter systems. Methamphetamine causes a much larger release of dopamine than amphetamine and blocks its reuptake more effectively. According to research from the National Institute on Drug Abuse, methamphetamine can release 3-4 times more dopamine than cocaine or amphetamine.

This flood of dopamine creates the intense euphoria associated with methamphetamine use. However, it also contributes to its high addiction potential. Over time, the brain adapts by reducing its natural dopamine production and decreasing the number of dopamine receptors, leading to tolerance and dependence.

Studies published in neuropsychopharmacology journals have shown that long-term methamphetamine use can cause lasting damage to dopamine and serotonin neurons. These changes may persist for months or even years after stopping the drug, contributing to persistent mood problems and cognitive difficulties during recovery.

Physical Health Consequences

Both substances affect multiple body systems, with cardiovascular effects being particularly concerning. They increase heart rate, raise blood pressure, and can cause irregular heartbeat (arrhythmias). With prolonged use, these effects can lead to heart disease, heart attack, or stroke.

Methamphetamine use is associated with more severe physical deterioration. Users often experience:

  • Extreme weight loss due to appetite suppression and increased metabolism
  • Severe dental problems (“meth mouth”) caused by reduced saliva production, poor dental hygiene, teeth grinding, and acidic contaminants in the drug
  • Skin problems, including sores from picking at the skin due to tactile hallucinations or delusions

Sleep disruption is common with both substances, but tends to be more severe with methamphetamine. Users may stay awake for days, followed by periods of exhaustion. This pattern puts significant stress on the body and can weaken immune function, making users more susceptible to infections and illness.

Research published in the journal Brain, Behavior, and Immunity has shown that methamphetamine can suppress immune function directly, further increasing vulnerability to infectious diseases.

Speed Vs Meth

Street Names And Slang

Understanding the street terminology for these substances can help clarify conversations about them. In many illicit contexts, amphetamine is also referred to as a speed drug to emphasize its energizing effects. Common street names for amphetamine include:

– “Speed”

– “Uppers”

– “Bennies”

– “Pep pills”

– “Study buddies” (when referring to prescription stimulants)

Methamphetamine is often called:

– “Meth”

– “Crystal”

– “Ice”

– “Glass”

– “Crank”

– “Tina”

These terms can sometimes be confusing, as “speed” may refer to either amphetamine or methamphetamine, depending on regional slang. In some areas, “speed” specifically means amphetamine, while in others, it might refer to any stimulant, including methamphetamine.

The terminology often reflects the appearance or form of the drug. For example, “ice” and “glass” refer to the clear, crystalline form of methamphetamine, while “crank” may refer to a lower-purity powder form.

Treatment Options For Amphetamines Vs Methamphetamines

Recovery from stimulant use is possible with appropriate treatment, including evidence-based approaches on how to quit meth abuse that address both physical and psychological challenges. While the approach is similar for both substances, methamphetamine addiction often requires more intensive support due to its stronger effects on the brain and behavior.

The most effective treatment approaches include:

  1. Behavioral therapies: Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and contingency management have shown effectiveness for stimulant use disorders. These approaches help identify triggers, develop coping skills, and reinforce positive behavioral changes.
  2. Comprehensive assessment: Treatment should begin with a thorough evaluation to identify any co-occurring mental health conditions, which are common among people who use stimulants.
  3. Supportive care: During the initial withdrawal period, supportive care can help manage symptoms like fatigue, depression, and cravings. While there are no FDA-approved medications specifically for stimulant withdrawal, certain medications may help manage specific symptoms.
  4. Continued support: Long-term recovery often depends on ongoing support through therapy, support groups, or structured programs. This helps address the persistent brain changes that can lead to cravings and relapse risk.

According to research from the National Institute on Drug Abuse, the most successful treatment programs provide a combination of therapies tailored to individual needs, with sufficient duration to allow for meaningful recovery and lifestyle changes.

Finding Lasting Recovery

a-man-holding-glass-of-water-speaking-in-therapy

Recovery from amphetamine or methamphetamine use is achievable with appropriate support and treatment. Many individuals have successfully overcome stimulant use disorders and rebuilt healthy, fulfilling lives.

Effective recovery typically involves addressing both the physical and psychological aspects of addiction. This may include:

  • Medically supervised detoxification to manage withdrawal symptoms
  • Evidence-based behavioral therapies to develop coping skills
  • Treatment for any co-occurring mental health conditions
  • Lifestyle modifications to support ongoing recovery
  • Connection with supportive communities that reinforce sobriety

Research shows that longer treatment duration is associated with better outcomes for stimulant use disorders. According to studies published in the Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, programs lasting at least 90 days show significantly better results than shorter interventions.

At Crestview Recovery, we understand the unique challenges of stimulant addiction and offer comprehensive meth addiction treatment in Portland, Oregon, with programs designed to address the specific needs of individuals recovering from amphetamine or methamphetamine use. Our evidence-based approach combines medical expertise, psychological support, and compassionate care to help clients achieve lasting recovery and improved quality of life.

At Crestview Recovery, we understand the challenges of stimulant addiction and offer comprehensive, personalized treatment programs to help you or your loved one achieve lasting recovery. Our experienced team provides evidence-based care in a supportive, home-like environment where healing can begin. Contact Crestview Recovery today for a confidential assessment or to begin the admissions process.

References

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What’s the Difference Between Amphetamine and Methamphetamine?

a-man-speaking-to-therapist

Dec 2, 2025

Drug Addiction

Amphetamine and methamphetamine share similarities but have important distinctions that affect their impact on health and well-being. Understanding these differences is crucial for anyone concerned about substance use or seeking stimulant addiction treatment for stimulant use. We've created this comprehensive guide to help clarify what sets these substances apart and how they affect the body and mind.

What Are Amphetamines And Methamphetamines

Amphetamines and methamphetamines belong to a class of drugs called central nervous system stimulants. These substances increase activity in the brain and body, leading to heightened alertness, elevated energy levels, and reduced appetite.

Amphetamine is a synthetic stimulant that affects chemicals in the brain and nerves that contribute to hyperactivity and impulse control. It's commonly prescribed to treat attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy under brand names like Adderall and Dexedrine. When used as prescribed, these medications help patients manage their symptoms effectively.

Methamphetamine is a more potent derivative of amphetamine. It has an additional methyl group in its chemical structure, which allows it to cross the blood-brain barrier more quickly. While methamphetamine has limited medical use (prescribed as Desoxyn in rare cases), it's more commonly known for its illicit production and use as a street drug. Additionally, methamphetamine's potent effects can be highly physically addictive and lead to severe health consequences.

Both substances work by increasing levels of dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin in the brain. These neurotransmitters play important roles in mood, attention, and energy regulation. According to the National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), approximately 5.1 million Americans aged 12 or older misused prescription stimulants like amphetamines in 2020, while about 1.5 million reported using methamphetamine.

Is Methamphetamine An Amphetamine

Yes, methamphetamine is a type of amphetamine. Both drugs are classified as central nervous system stimulants, but they have important differences in structure, potency, and effects. Despite its powerful stimulant properties, some individuals mistakenly think methamphetamine is a narcotic drug, which reflects the confusion about drug classifications.

The primary chemical difference between these substances is that methamphetamine has an additional methyl group in its molecular structure. This seemingly small change significantly affects how the drug works in the body. The methyl group allows methamphetamine to pass into the brain more quickly and remain active longer than amphetamine.

This structural difference results in methamphetamine having a more powerful effect on the central nervous system. According to research from the National Institutes of Health, methamphetamine creates a stronger and longer-lasting increase in dopamine levels compared to amphetamine, contributing to its higher potential for misuse and addiction.

The legal status of both substances reflects their different risk profiles. While both are classified as Schedule II controlled substances by the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA), amphetamine is commonly prescribed for medical conditions. In contrast, methamphetamine is rarely prescribed due to its high potential for misuse.

Key differences between amphetamine and methamphetamine include:

  • Chemical structure: Methamphetamine has an additional methyl group
  • Potency: Methamphetamine is more potent at similar doses
  • Duration: Methamphetamine's effects typically last longer
  • Medical use: Amphetamine is more commonly prescribed for legitimate medical purposes

Difference Between Amphetamine And Methamphetamine

a-man-smiling-in-therapy-session

Chemical Structure And Potency

The molecular structures of amphetamine and methamphetamine are similar but have one critical difference. Methamphetamine contains an additional methyl group (CH3) in its chemical structure. This small change has significant implications for how the drug affects the body.

This additional methyl group allows methamphetamine to cross the blood-brain barrier more easily than amphetamine. As a result, methamphetamine reaches the brain more quickly and in higher concentrations. According to studies published in the Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, methamphetamine is approximately twice as potent as amphetamine, meaning it produces stronger effects at lower doses.

The duration of effects also differs significantly. Amphetamine's effects typically last 4-6 hours, while methamphetamine's effects can persist for 8-24 hours, depending on the dose and method of use. This extended duration contributes to methamphetamine's higher potential for disrupting sleep patterns and causing prolonged stimulation.

Medical Uses And Illicit Forms

Amphetamines have several legitimate medical applications. They're commonly prescribed for:

  • ADHD (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder)
  • Narcolepsy (a sleep disorder)
  • In some cases, treatment-resistant depression

Common prescription amphetamines include Adderall (mixed amphetamine salts), Dexedrine (dextroamphetamine), and Vyvanse (lisdexamfetamine).

Methamphetamine has very limited medical use. It's occasionally prescribed under the brand name Desoxyn for:

- Severe ADHD that hasn't responded to other treatments

- Short-term weight loss in obesity (rarely used)

The 2021 National Survey on Drug Use and Health found that approximately 4.8% of Americans aged 12 or older reported misusing prescription stimulants at some point in their lives, while about 0.9% reported using methamphetamine.

In illicit markets, amphetamine is often found in tablet or powder form. Methamphetamine typically appears as a crystalline powder ("crystal meth") or in crystal chunks ("ice"). These different forms reflect their different production methods and intended routes of administration.

Short Term Vs Long Term Risks

Both substances carry risks, but methamphetamine is associated with more severe health consequences, especially with the long-term effects of meth use that can significantly impair physical and mental health.

Short-term effects of both drugs include:

- Increased blood pressure and heart rate

- Reduced appetite

- Elevated body temperature

- Insomnia

- Increased energy and alertness

Methamphetamine's short-term effects tend to be more intense and can also include:

- More pronounced euphoria

- Greater risk of overheating (hyperthermia)

- More severe cardiovascular strain

Long-term amphetamine misuse can lead to:

- Cardiovascular problems

- Weight loss and malnutrition

- Mood disturbances

- Psychological dependence

Methamphetamine's long-term effects are typically more severe:

- Significant weight loss and malnutrition

- Severe dental problems ("meth mouth")

- Skin sores from picking

- More pronounced cognitive impairment

- Higher risk of psychosis

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), there were over 32,500 overdose deaths involving psychostimulants like methamphetamine in 2021, representing a five-fold increase since 2012.

Effects On The Brain And Body

Dopamine And Other Neurotransmitters

Both amphetamine and methamphetamine primarily affect three key neurotransmitters in the brain: dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin. These chemical messengers play important roles in mood, attention, energy, and reward processing.

The primary difference lies in how strongly and for how long these drugs affect neurotransmitter systems. Methamphetamine causes a much larger release of dopamine than amphetamine and blocks its reuptake more effectively. According to research from the National Institute on Drug Abuse, methamphetamine can release 3-4 times more dopamine than cocaine or amphetamine.

This flood of dopamine creates the intense euphoria associated with methamphetamine use. However, it also contributes to its high addiction potential. Over time, the brain adapts by reducing its natural dopamine production and decreasing the number of dopamine receptors, leading to tolerance and dependence.

Studies published in neuropsychopharmacology journals have shown that long-term methamphetamine use can cause lasting damage to dopamine and serotonin neurons. These changes may persist for months or even years after stopping the drug, contributing to persistent mood problems and cognitive difficulties during recovery.

Physical Health Consequences

Both substances affect multiple body systems, with cardiovascular effects being particularly concerning. They increase heart rate, raise blood pressure, and can cause irregular heartbeat (arrhythmias). With prolonged use, these effects can lead to heart disease, heart attack, or stroke.

Methamphetamine use is associated with more severe physical deterioration. Users often experience:

  • Extreme weight loss due to appetite suppression and increased metabolism
  • Severe dental problems ("meth mouth") caused by reduced saliva production, poor dental hygiene, teeth grinding, and acidic contaminants in the drug
  • Skin problems, including sores from picking at the skin due to tactile hallucinations or delusions

Sleep disruption is common with both substances, but tends to be more severe with methamphetamine. Users may stay awake for days, followed by periods of exhaustion. This pattern puts significant stress on the body and can weaken immune function, making users more susceptible to infections and illness.

Research published in the journal Brain, Behavior, and Immunity has shown that methamphetamine can suppress immune function directly, further increasing vulnerability to infectious diseases.

Speed Vs Meth

Street Names And Slang

Understanding the street terminology for these substances can help clarify conversations about them. In many illicit contexts, amphetamine is also referred to as a speed drug to emphasize its energizing effects. Common street names for amphetamine include:

- "Speed"

- "Uppers"

- "Bennies"

- "Pep pills"

- "Study buddies" (when referring to prescription stimulants)

Methamphetamine is often called:

- "Meth"

- "Crystal"

- "Ice"

- "Glass"

- "Crank"

- "Tina"

These terms can sometimes be confusing, as "speed" may refer to either amphetamine or methamphetamine, depending on regional slang. In some areas, "speed" specifically means amphetamine, while in others, it might refer to any stimulant, including methamphetamine.

The terminology often reflects the appearance or form of the drug. For example, "ice" and "glass" refer to the clear, crystalline form of methamphetamine, while "crank" may refer to a lower-purity powder form.

Treatment Options For Amphetamines Vs Methamphetamines

Recovery from stimulant use is possible with appropriate treatment, including evidence-based approaches on how to quit meth abuse that address both physical and psychological challenges. While the approach is similar for both substances, methamphetamine addiction often requires more intensive support due to its stronger effects on the brain and behavior.

The most effective treatment approaches include:

  1. Behavioral therapies: Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and contingency management have shown effectiveness for stimulant use disorders. These approaches help identify triggers, develop coping skills, and reinforce positive behavioral changes.
  2. Comprehensive assessment: Treatment should begin with a thorough evaluation to identify any co-occurring mental health conditions, which are common among people who use stimulants.
  3. Supportive care: During the initial withdrawal period, supportive care can help manage symptoms like fatigue, depression, and cravings. While there are no FDA-approved medications specifically for stimulant withdrawal, certain medications may help manage specific symptoms.
  4. Continued support: Long-term recovery often depends on ongoing support through therapy, support groups, or structured programs. This helps address the persistent brain changes that can lead to cravings and relapse risk.

According to research from the National Institute on Drug Abuse, the most successful treatment programs provide a combination of therapies tailored to individual needs, with sufficient duration to allow for meaningful recovery and lifestyle changes.

Finding Lasting Recovery

a-man-holding-glass-of-water-speaking-in-therapy

Recovery from amphetamine or methamphetamine use is achievable with appropriate support and treatment. Many individuals have successfully overcome stimulant use disorders and rebuilt healthy, fulfilling lives.

Effective recovery typically involves addressing both the physical and psychological aspects of addiction. This may include:

  • Medically supervised detoxification to manage withdrawal symptoms
  • Evidence-based behavioral therapies to develop coping skills
  • Treatment for any co-occurring mental health conditions
  • Lifestyle modifications to support ongoing recovery
  • Connection with supportive communities that reinforce sobriety

Research shows that longer treatment duration is associated with better outcomes for stimulant use disorders. According to studies published in the Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, programs lasting at least 90 days show significantly better results than shorter interventions.

At Crestview Recovery, we understand the unique challenges of stimulant addiction and offer comprehensive meth addiction treatment in Portland, Oregon, with programs designed to address the specific needs of individuals recovering from amphetamine or methamphetamine use. Our evidence-based approach combines medical expertise, psychological support, and compassionate care to help clients achieve lasting recovery and improved quality of life.

At Crestview Recovery, we understand the challenges of stimulant addiction and offer comprehensive, personalized treatment programs to help you or your loved one achieve lasting recovery. Our experienced team provides evidence-based care in a supportive, home-like environment where healing can begin. Contact Crestview Recovery today for a confidential assessment or to begin the admissions process.

References

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